I wound up writing a web part that implemented the ITransformableFilterValues interface. Within the web part code, I was able to use a person\group field as the filter. Then I connected the filter to the other web part that contained the list I wanted to filter. I don't know why it had to be that complicated, but I never found a way to filter using a person\group field from another list other than going to code. I'm fine with it because I like the control code gives us anyway.
I am pretty new to writing web parts, but the following walkthrough was very helpful. I wouldn't be surprised if you didn't want to go this route, but there is the link anyway:
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms499375.aspx