Good afternoon John.
I believe InfoPath with SharePoint integration will work well for what you are trying to do. You can create SharePoint custom lists (similar to database tables) to populate drop-down boxes, pull user information from Active Directory and built in web services, edit the SharePoint permissions and views, set up multiple data connections to emails, SharePoint, databases, etc., and based on the file name, enable the information to be easily updated by resubmitting or saving the form(s). I would recommend taking a blank InfoPath template, start framing out what you want it to look like, and try to add each piece of functionality as you go. Also so folks do not realize that you can create a new SharePoint site (Document Library) page just by publishing the form.
Have a great day. WHEELS