You are very close, just add action on dropdown instead of textbox.
Follow these steps:
1. Add dropdown with two options- Option1 and Option2. Add a textbox.
2. Select the dropdown. Go to Manage Rules and add an action.
3. Set condition - dropdown = Option1
4. Under Run these action, Set a field value - textbox = Message 1.
5. Similarly, add another action for option 2.
Cheers!