The QueryAdapter.Timeout is not the same thing as the JavaScript setTimeout method.
InfoPath does not support using setTimeout. BUT... you can use it if you have a task pane, which allows FULL JavaScript support. The task pane can be used to set the timer and then communicate back with your form code.
You might be able to get around this by using managed code. I believe those support timers.
Why don't you check out the InfoPath Dev Example Rudimentary Animation
http://www.infopathdev.com/downloads/free/default.aspx?i=367e48a53cfc45c2a9a3e4053711cbaa) which uses this technique with setInterval in the task pane. It should help.
Greg Collins [InfoPath MVP]
InfoPathDev