I was having this same problem- users were complaining that they were getting validation messages when they tried to submit the form. If you right click on the red dashed area- it would give you the pop-up stating that there is a 50 character limit. But when you go into the text box properties- no limit was set.
After much frustration and searching all through every part of Infopath I could find- I discovered that our issue was that Access had defaulted to a 50 character limit on each field. So the limit was invisibly transferred to Infopath. I had to go into the database and change the limits, then go through the steps to refresh the connection as described above. After that everything was fine.
Easy fix after a very frustrating search for the source.... not unusual in my experience with these programs.