Hi Michael71,
You'll want to use OData to query the SharePoint library/list when any of the concate fields change. Add conditional formatting actions (rules) to a section to show it if the secondary data source of your OData query has fields that are non-blank. In other words, conditionally display a section with warning text and conditionally hide the submit button. The condition is whether the OData query returned anything.
You'll want to execute this again on Submit and fail the submit if results exist - since there could be race conditions with two people submitting simultaneously.
For more on OData, search this site. Also, Channel 9 at Microsoft should have a video Hilary did regarding OData, or you can just email her directly if you need more help.
Best,