Yes, you can "add columns from multiple SharePoint lists onto the same Infopath form".
In Infopath Designer 2010, on ribbon Data tab > Data Connection > Add... > Receive Data > Next > Sharepoint List or Library > Next > etc.
Though, I couldn't grasp how it can possibly help with "column limits in my lists in Excel" due to "rather large infopath forms" and about which problem do you ask in this question ?