If you create a data connection to receive data from the SharePoint list you will have the data from SharePoint available in your form. Then you can add the data to an InfoPath view as a repeating table and convert one of the fields to a checkbox. I would probably add a field to the SharePoint view for this if there is not already one, you can keep it hidden if you need to in SharePoint. You can also use an expression box to have the field names in SharePoint be the labels for the checkboxes. Lots of options depending on what you want to accomplish but definitely doable.