Hi Jeppe Christensen and welcome to our forum!
I'm not sure I completely understand your scenario. Are you changing the schema for the form (XSD file) or the sample data file for it (XML file)? Your dropdown values should not be coded to values in the form's schema - rather, you should use some other data source to prevent problems when you have to update the dropdown values. Typically people populate dropdowns from secondary XML data sources, SharePoint, SQL, etc. If you really need to populate using an XSD file you can leverage InfoPath's import functionality which supports custom XSL transofrms on import to get the sample data out of a new XSD for your form. Unfortunately, this will require importing before filling out a form and is not a great idea. My suggestion would be to review your form's data architecture as something doesn't quite seem right, but I it's probably just because I am confused... Good luck!
Patrick Halstead
Project Manager at Qdabra