I'm not 100% sure I understand (not your fault, you tried to be clear - just sometimes this stuff is hard to convey completely), but I think you are talking about promoting properties for web part connections, which isn't allowed in list forms, if I recall correctly.
So, I think you'll need to add logic to your list form to populate the fields when you pass the ID in via the URL. Your form should have query fields & data fields in the data source - you'll have to use the advanced view of the data source task pane. You could set a rule on the data fields ID field that would set the query field ID field and run the query - this would populate the fields.
However, this may have some unintended consequences - you'll want to test this pretty thoroughly. Make sure this doesn't cause issues when you create and save new items, for example.