Within those brackets, the XPath is in the context of the secondary data source, so to refer back to the main data source, you need to use xdXDocument:get-DOM():
xdXDocument:GetDOM("InfoPath")/dfs:myFields/dfs:dataFields/dfs:InfoPath[@Brx_Lot = xdXDocument:get-DOM()/my:myFields/my:brx_lot]/@Thaw_Date
The @ symbol is indeed for referring to attributes, and I daresay that is its sole purpose in XPath. In this your post, @Brx_Lot is referring to the Brx_Lot attribute, and @Thaw_Date refers to the Thaw_Date attribute.