If you drag the repeating group from your Access data source on to the canvas, it creates a repeating table that will show all results. If you go to the table properties and add a condition to hide all results where a piece of metadata in the row matches the value in your text box, then it should filter, but that's on the InfoPath side, not DB side.
If you want to use a button, then create a hidden field that gets populated by the button when you push it. You'd be copying the data from the first text box to the hidden text box, and the conditional formatting of the repeating table would be set to match against that hidden box for the hiding of rows.